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Hodgkin Lymphoma

Overview

What is the Lymphoma?

lymphoma is characterised by the presence of RS cells. The RS cells, also known as Reed-Sternberg cells, are unusual, enormous cells found in the blood samples of patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. These cells exhibit a moth-eaten appearance. Multiple RS cells can be seen when cancer cells are examined under a microscope.

What is Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, commonly known as Hodgkin’s disease, is a kind of lymphoma that develops from white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Hodgkin’s lymphoma is an uncommon malignancy that primarily affects two age groups: those aged 15 to 40 and those aged 55 and up. Males are more likely than females to develop Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Causes

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a rare malignant disorder and the exact causes for it are not known. The abnormal lymphocytes start proliferating or multiplying in the lymph nodes present in the regions of the neck, armpits and groin. Over time, the disease spreads to other parts of the body, namely the spleen, lungs, liver, bone marrow and skin. Here are some of the risk factors that are associated with Hodgkin’s lymphoma:
Gender: Hodgkin’s lymphoma is found to be more common in men than women.
Age: People between the ages of 15 and 40, as well as those over 55, are prone to developing Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Diagnosis

There are various testing methods available for the detection and diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma:

a. Physical Examination: During diagnosis, the doctor goes through the patient’s medical history and performs a physical examination.

b. Blood Tests: Blood tests are not used to diagnose Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

c. Imaging Tests: Imaging methods such as X-ray, PET CT, etc

d. Biopsy: The most definitive technique to diagnose Hodgkin’s disease is to take a biopsy of the suspicious lymph node.

Treatment

The main treatment options for Hodgkin’s disease include chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, radiation therapy. Patients who have relapsed or who are at a high risk of recurrence may benefit from stem cell transplantation.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma in most cases. Chemotherapy is a systemic treatment that kills lymphoma cells with chemicals. Chemotherapy chemicals move through the body’s bloodstream, killing cancer cells all over the place. Chemotherapy medications are given orally or intravenously, and in rare cases, both.
Bone Marrow Transplant
Transplantation of stem cells or bone marrow is not used as the first-line treatment for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, but it may be advised for people who have lymphoma that has not responded to chemotherapy or for those who have cancer that has returned after treatment. A round of high-dose chemotherapy is administered first to destroy the lymphoma cells.
Radiation Therapy
Many people with Hodgkin’s lymphoma receive radiation therapy as part of their treatment regimen. It’s especially helpful when the problem only affects one region of the body. The latest imaging tests can pinpoint the exact location of Hodgkin’s lymphoma tumours, allowing for precision radiation delivery to cancer cells while sparing healthy tissues nearby.
Immunotherapy
If the disease does not respond to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, immunotherapy may be recommended. When immunotherapy is administered, the immune system of the patient is activated, allowing it to recognise and eliminate lymphoma cells.

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